RESEARCH PAPER
1. MAP OUT A FIELD OF RESEARCH
2. FIND A RESEARCH GAP
MAP OUT A FIELD OF RESEARCH
1. Claiming that the research to be undertaken is central to the area
2. Making generalizations about a topic
3. Reviewing items of previous research
Put each of the example sentences (1-10) under one of these three ways.
1. Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how…
2. There are many situations where …
3. The study of … has become an important aspect of …
4. A and B of …. is well known.
5. Although (A, B, and C) have claimed that …, their own data do not support that conclusion.
6. A standard procedure for assessing has been …
7. The effect of … has been studied extensively in recent years.
8. … is a common finding in patients with …
9. In recent years, applied researches have become interested in …
10. There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that …
FIND A RESEARCH GAP
a. Claiming that there is a gap in the previous research
b. Making a counter-claim (i.e. claiming that previous work in this research area was wrong)
c. Raising a question about a theory, previous research, etc.
c. Continuing a tradition
Put each of the example clauses under one of these four ways.
1. One would intuitively expect …
2. The differences need to be analyzed …
3. Both (currently held views) suffer from the dependency on …
4. The first group … cannot treat … and is limited to …
5. A question remains whether this line of enquiry is valid.
6. If there really is other intelligent life in the universe, why hasn’t it contacted us?
7. However, the previously mentioned methods fail to take account of …
8. Research in the area of (xxxx) is long overdue.
9. It is of interest to compare the work of (A with B).
10. It has been predicted that life could spontaneously arise inside a black hole. However, this is impossible because …
11. Studies in ‘writing assessment’ (A; B; etc) have shown that … This study extends the work of (A and B) to ask …
RECOGNISING HOW A RESEARCH FIELD IS MAPPED OUT
Food intakes and preferences of hospitalized geriatric patients
Background
Ageing is related to the deterioration of physiological and health functions, thus, elderly people are more susceptible to various diseases and illness. Nutrition plays an important role in preventing diseases and promoting recovery from illnesses. Besides diseases and hospital environment, food preferences are also main factors affecting the foods intake of geriatric patients. Thus, hospital menus should be planned according to the preferences of geriatric patients to ensure that they eat what is served to them. Studies on food intakes and habits among Malaysian elderly living in rural areas reported that although the subjects had regular meal pattern, the dietary intake was inadequate. Most of the studies conducted among hospitalized elderly people in Western countries and Malaysia reported that malnutrition as assessed using anthropometric and biochemical indicators) is common.
With respect to food preferences, elderly people are more likely to stick to their traditional food rather than try new food products. However, some elderly people may change their food preferences due to health reason and food belief. Ageing is associated with a shift from a diet high in calories, sugar and meat to a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. However, avoidance of certain fruits and vegetables due to food beliefs has been reported in a proportion of rural elderly Malays.
It appeared that there was a need to investigate the adequacy of dietary intake and food preferences among our hospitalized geriatric patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the food intakes and preferences and also factors influencing dietary adequacy among hospitalized geriatric patients. The study was also undertaken as a basis for improving the nutrient intake of patients in order to accelerate recovery from disease and hopefully to reduce the length of a hospital stay.
Task A:
1. In the text, in what way (s) do the authors map out the research field? Do they do it by:
a. Claiming that the research to be undertaken is central to the area
b. Making generalizations about a topic
c. Reviewing items of previous research
2. If more than one method has been used, in what order did they appear?
RECOGNISING A RESEARCH GAP
Task B:
1. In the previous text, underline the sentence that refers to a research gap.
2. How is the gap created? Is it by:
a. Making a counter-claim?
b. Indicating a gap in the previous research?
c. Raising a question?
d. Continuing a tradition?
3. Write the introduction part of your research proposal. (1 page long), deadline Tuesday, 8 October 2013. Submitted upon course schedule.
